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Washers are divided into: Flat Washer - Grade C, Large Washer - Grade A and C, Extra Large Washer - Grade C, Small Washer - Grade A, Flat Washer - Grade A, Flat Washer - Chamfered Type - Grade A, High Strength Washer for Steel Structures, Spherical Washer, Cone Washer, Square Diagonal Washer for I-beams, Square Diagonal Washer for Channel Steel, Standard Spring Washer, Light Spring Washer, Heavy Spring Washer, Internal Teeth Lock Washer, Internal Teeth Lock Washer, External Teeth Lock Washer, Single Ear Stop Washer, Double Ear Stop Washer, External Tongue Stop Washer, and Stop Washer for Round Nuts.
Flat washers are generally used in connectors, with one being soft and the other being hard and brittle. Their main function is to increase the contact area, disperse pressure, and prevent the soft material from being crushed. The basic function of the spring washer is to apply force to the nut after tightening, increasing the friction between the nut and bolt! The material is 65Mn (spring steel), with a heat treatment hardness of HRC44-51HRC, and has undergone surface oxidation treatment.
Huasi (spring) washer, card spring is an elastic pad or card lock washer that prevents bolt loosening. The working principle of the anti loosening washer is very simple. It consists of two washer. The outer side has a radial convex surface, while the inner side has a helical tooth surface. When assembling, the inner inclined tooth surfaces are opposite to each other, and the outer radial convex surface is in a meshing state with the contact surfaces at both ends. When the connecting piece is subjected to vibration and the bolt tends to loosen, only the inner inclined tooth surfaces of the two washers are allowed to move relative to each other, generating lifting tension and achieving 100% locking.
Spring washers are widely used in load-bearing and non load bearing structures of general mechanical products. Their characteristics are low cost, easy installation, and suitable for parts with frequent assembly and disassembly. The automatic selection of washers is included in Kuaiyiyou, but the anti loosening ability of spring washers is very low! Especially in products that require high reliability in European and American countries, the adoption rate is extremely low, especially in important load-bearing structure connection parts that have long been abandoned. Our country still has some applications in the military industry, but they have been improved to use stainless steel materials. Steel spring washers have long been prohibited from use in CASC! It can also be said to be very unsafe, for two reasons: 1) "circle expansion" and 2) hydrogen embrittlement.
Spring washers are commonly referred to as spring washers in the screw industry. Its materials include stainless steel and carbon steel, with carbon steel being equivalent to iron. The commonly used specifications for spring washers include M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16. These specifications are quite common. The national standard GB/T94.1-87 for spring washers specifies a standard type of spring washer with a specification of 2-48mm. Reference standard GB94.4-85 "Technical Conditions for Elastic Washer - Spring Washer"